Chemistry - CHEMICAL BONDING Question with Solution | TestHub
How many of the following statement(s) are correct regarding dipole moment and dipole-dipole interaction?
(1) Dipole moment is a vector quantity.
(2) Hydrogen bonding is special case of dipole-dipole attraction.
(3) molecule is covalent due to zero permanent dipole moment.
(4) Hydrazine has non-zero dipole moment.
(5) Between p-nitrophenol & o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol has higher magnitude of dipole moment.
Answer:
Solution:
(1) Correct. Dipole moment is a vector quantity, having both magnitude and direction.
(2) Correct. Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction involving H bonded to highly electronegative atoms (N, O, F).
(3) Correct. H₂ is a homonuclear diatomic molecule, so there is no electronegativity difference, resulting in zero permanent dipole moment and 100% covalent character.
(4) Correct. N₂H₄ has a non-planar structure with lone pairs on nitrogen atoms, leading to a net dipole moment.
(5) Correct. p-nitrophenol has a higher dipole moment than o-nitrophenol due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the para isomer, allowing for better alignment of dipoles, whereas o-nitrophenol has intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which reduces its overall dipole moment.
All five statements are correct.