Two rods of the same length and material transfer a given amount of heat in 12 seconds when they are joined as shown in Figure 4.40(i). But when they are joined as shown in Figure 4.40(ii), they will transfer the same heat under the same conditions in:

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In (i) the rods are side by side (parallel, resistance 2 R ​ ). In (ii) they are end to end (series, resistance 2 R ). The time is 4 times larger: 12 × 4 = 48 s. D.

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