Physics - Semiconductors Question with Solution | TestHub

At absolute zero temperature ($0$ K), the valence band of a semiconductor is completely filled and the conduction band is completely empty.

At room temperature, some electrons in the valence band gain sufficient thermal energy to overcome the forbidden energy gap and jump into the conduction band.

As a result, the valence band becomes partially empty (due to the creation of holes) and the conduction band becomes partially filled with electrons.

Answer: valance band is partially empty and the conduction band is partially filled.