Physics - Semiconductors Question with Solution | TestHub

At absolute zero temperature ($0\text{ K}$), the valence band of a semiconductor is completely filled and the conduction band is completely empty.

At room temperature, the available thermal energy is sufficient to excite some electrons from the valence band across the forbidden energy gap into the conduction band.

As a result, the conduction band becomes partially filled with these excited electrons, and the valence band becomes partially empty due to the creation of holes left behind by the electrons.

Therefore, at room temperature, the conduction band is partially filled and the valence band is partially empty.

Answer: the conduction band is partially filled and the valence band is partially empty.