Chemistry - Thermodynamics - II Question with Solution | TestHub

A. For an isolated system, $\Delta S_{isolated}\ge 0$.

B. For a closed system with fixed S and no work, $\Delta U\le 0$. This is derived from $dU\le TdS-PdV$.

C. For a simple closed system at constant T and V, $\Delta A\le 0$. This is the criterion for spontaneity in terms of Helmholtz free energy.

D. For a simple closed system at constant T and P, $\Delta G\le 0$. This is the criterion for spontaneity in terms of Gibbs free energy.