Statement 1 The plot of atomic number ( Y -axis) versus number of neutrons ( x -axis) for stable nuclei shows a curvature towards X -axis from the line of 4 5 ∘ slope as the atomic number is increased

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Statement 1 The plot of atomic number ( Y -axis) versus number of neutrons ( x -axis) for stable nuclei shows a curvature towards X -axis from the line of 4 5 ∘ slope as the atomic number is increased. Statement 2 Proton-proton electrostatic repulsions begin to overcome attractive forces involving protons and neutrons in heavier nuclides.

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The stability relationship can be represented by a line with a slope of $4 5^{\circ}$ , i.e. the maximum stability is attained, when $N = Z$ . Right or the curve a radioactive nuclide would be neutron rich and would decay be $β$ -emission to produce a daughter nucleus with a lower $\frac{n}{p}$ ratio. For heavier nuclides, $p - p$ repulsions start to offset the attractive forces and an excess of neutrons over protons, is required for stability

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