Chemistry - GOC Question with Solution | TestHub

$\mathrm{II}$ is an imide: nitrogen is directly attached to two carbonyl carbons, so its lone pair is most strongly delocalized and least available. $\mathrm{III}$ is a lactam, with one directly attached carbonyl. $\mathrm{I}$ and IV are amines without direct $\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{C}$(=$\mathrm{O}$) conjugation. In the qualitative inductive model used here, $\mathrm{I}$ has two nearby ring carbonyl groups withdrawing from nitrogen; IV has one nearby formyl group and a second farther away. Hence IV > $\mathrm{I}$ > $\mathrm{III}$ > $\mathrm{II}$.