Chemistry - CHEMICAL BONDING Question with Solution | TestHub
A hypothetical molecule AX₃Y has a tetrahedral arrangement around A. Steric repulsion from larger Y bends the three equivalent A-X bonds away from A-Y, so each X-A-Y angle θ = 114°. X and Y are more electronegative than A. Bond dipoles point from A outward: μ(A-X) = 1.80 D and μ(A-Y) = 1.20 D. A threefold axis passes through A-Y. A-X bond length = 1.11 Å. Given cos 114° = -0.4067, q = 1.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, 1 D = 3.33 × 10⁻³⁰ C·m, and cos β = √[(2 cos θ + 1)/3].
Let the percentage ionic character of one A-X bond be α. Calculate α and round to the nearest integer.
Answer:
Solution:
Percentage ionic character = observed dipole/(q × bond length) × 100.
= (1.80 × 3.33 × 10⁻³⁰)/(1.5 × 10⁻¹⁹ × 1.11 × 10⁻¹⁰) × 100 = 36%.
