Zoology - Evolution Question with Solution | TestHub

5 factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium :

1. Gene migration or gene flow - When a section of a population migrates to another place and set up new population, then gene frequencies of original as well as the new population changes. New genes/alleles are added to the new population while some genes/alleles are lost from the old population. If the above-mentioned gene migration happens multiple times, it leads to gene flow.

2. Genetic drift - If the change in gene frequency occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift.

3. Mutation - Experiments on microbes show that pre-existing advantageous mutations help the organisms to get selected and the result is observed in new phenotypes. This may lead to speciation over a few generations.

4. Genetic recombination - These occur during gametogenesis.

5.  Natural selection - In this process, heritable variations help the organism for better survival and enable it to reproduce and leave more number of progeny.