In which of the following figures, the p. n. junction diode is reverse biased?

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A p-n junction diode is reverse biased when the potential at the p-side is lower than the potential at the n-side ( $V_{p} < V_{n}$ ).

For figure (a): $V_{p} = + 6 V$ , $V_{n} = - 2 V \Rightarrow V_{p} > V_{n}$ (Forward biased).

For figure (b): $V_{p} = - 5 V$ , $V_{n} = + 3 V \Rightarrow V_{p} < V_{n}$ (Reverse biased).

For figure (c): $V_{p} = 0 V$ , $V_{n} = - 10 V \Rightarrow V_{p} > V_{n}$ (Forward biased).

For figure (d): $V_{p} = + 6 V$ , $V_{n} = 0 V \Rightarrow V_{p} > V_{n}$ (Forward biased).

Therefore, the diode in figure (b) is reverse biased.

Answer: (b)

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