A thin prism has different medium on its either side. A light ray is incident almost normally on the first face. What is the angle of deviation, if all the angles are very small? The angle of prism is $A$ , refractive index of the prism is $μ$ and angle of incidence is $I$ .

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First face: μ 1 ​ I = μ r 1 ​ , so r 1 ​ = μ μ 1 ​ I ​ r 2 ​ = A − r 1 ​ and μ r 2 ​ = μ 2 ​ e , so e = μ 2 ​ μ A − μ 1 ​ I ​ δ = I + e − A δ = I ( 1 − μ 2 ​ μ 1 ​ ​ ) − A ( 1 − μ 2 ​ μ ​ )

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