When a material is subjected to a tensile stress, it elongates in the direction of the applied force and contracts laterally. The ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain is known as:

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Poisson's ratio ( σ ) is defined as the negative ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain. σ = − Longitudinal Strain Lateral Strain ​ The negative sign indicates that if longitudinal strain is positive (elongation), lateral strain is negative (contraction).

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