In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was collected. It was found that 190 persons had symptom of fever, 220 persons had symptom of cough, 220 persons had symptom of breathing problem, 330

Question

In a study about a pandemic, data of 900 persons was collected. It was found that 190 persons had symptom of fever, 220 persons had symptom of cough, 220 persons had symptom of breathing problem, 330 persons had symptom of fever or cough or both, 350 persons had symptom of cough or breathing problem or both, 340 persons had symptom of fever or breathing problem or both, 30 persons had all three symptoms (fever, cough and breathing problem). If a person is chosen randomly from these 900 persons, then the probability that the person has at most one symptom is ______.

TestHub · Accepted Answer

We denote the set of people having symptoms of fever, cough and breathing problem by $F, C$ and $B$ respectively
Given that $n (F) = 190, n (B) = 220$ and $n (C) = 220$
Also given, $n (F \cup C) = 330, n (B \cup C) = 350,$ $n (F \cup B) = 340$ and $n (F \cap C \cap B) = 30$
So $n (F \cap C) = n (F) + n (C) - n (F \cup C)$
$= 80$
Similarly, $n (F \cap B) = n (F) + n (B) - n (F \cup B) = 70$ and $n (C \cap B) = n (C) + n (B) - n (B \cup C) = 90$
Putting the data in Venn diagram
Number of people having at most one symptom $=$ Number of people having zero symptom or one symptom
$= 70 + 80 + 90 + 480 = 720$
Required probability $= \frac{720}{900} = 0.8$

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