Chemistry - PERIODIC TABLE Question with Solution | TestHub

Pauling's formula calculates electronegativity difference from bond energies.

Explanation:

Pauling's formula, $\Delta \chi =0.102\sqrt{E_{A-B}-\sqrt{E_{A-A}\times E_{B-B}}}$, directly calculates the difference in electronegativity ($\Delta \chi$) between two atoms A and B using bond dissociation energies ($E$). It does not provide absolute electronegativity values. Mulliken's formula (B) uses ionization energy (IE) and electron affinity (EA) to calculate absolute electronegativity. Allred-Rochow's formula (C) relates electronegativity to effective nuclear charge ($Z_{eff}$) and covalent radius ($r$).