Which of the following statements is (are) incorrect? (i) Percentage ionic character in C s C l bond is ~ 55 % . (Electronegativity values of C s and C l are 0.7 and 3.0 respectively) (ii) From H 2 O

Question

Which of the following statements is (are) incorrect?

(i) Percentage ionic character in $C s C l$ bond is $~ 55 %$ . (Electronegativity values of $C s$ and $C l$ are $0.7$ and $3.0$ respectively)

(ii) From $H_{2} O$ to $H_{3} O^{+}$ , the geometry around $O$ atom changes drastically.

(iii) The most stable oxidation state for element with atomic number $113$ is expected to be $+ 2 .$

(iv) The $2^{n d}$ ionization energy of $C a$ is greater than $1^{s t}$ ionization energy of it but lower than $2^{n d}$ ionization energy of K.

TestHub · Accepted Answer

( a ) Ionic character % i o n i c c h a r a c t e r = 16 ( x A − x B ) + 3.5 ( x A − x B ) 2 where, x A − x B = Difference in electro-negativity of bonded atoms. 16 × ( 3.0 − 0.7 ) + 3.5 × ( 3.0 − 0.7 ) 2 = 55.32 % ( b ) Geometry for both the species is tetrahedral, as in both 'O' is s p 3 hybridised c 113 = R n 5 f 14 6 d 10 7 s 2 7 p 1 = Due to inert pair effect 7 s 2 electron do not take part in bond formation, so, most stable oxidation state is + 1 . ( d ) Successive ionization energies are higher for every element. 2 n d ionization of K happens from 3 s 2 3 p 6 configuration which is an inert gas configuration and for C a it happens from 4 s 1 . So, K has higher second ionisation energy than Ca.

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