Chemistry - GOC Question with Solution | TestHub

Statement I is true because the $-OC{H}_3$ (methoxy) group at the para-position acts as a strong electron-donating group via the $+R$ (resonance) effect, which effectively stabilizes the positive charge of the carbocation.

Statement II is true because the $-N{O}_2$ (nitro) group at the para-position acts as a strong electron-withdrawing group via the $-R$ (resonance) effect, which efficiently stabilizes the negative charge of the carbanion.

Therefore, both electronic effects operate perfectly from the para-positions to stabilize their respective intermediate charges.