Chemistry - GOC Question with Solution | TestHub

(A) Inductive donation only, no resonance → 4 (–CH₃)

–CH₃ shows +I (inductive) effect

It does not participate in resonance

(B) Inductive and resonance withdrawal → 5 (–NO₂)

–NO₂ is a strong electron-withdrawing group

Withdraws electrons by both –I and –R effects

(C) Deactivates the ring but directs ortho/para → 2 (–Cl)

–Cl has strong –I effect, so it deactivates benzene

Lone pair donation by resonance makes it ortho/para directing

(D) –I but +R donating, activates the ring → 1 (–OCH₃)

Oxygen shows –I effect

Lone pair donation by resonance (+R effect)

Overall, it activates the benzene ring