Chemistry - GOC Question with Solution | TestHub

Analyze Basicity of Compounds

The basicity of nitrogen-containing compounds depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom for donation to a proton.

Compound (I): The nitrogen lone pair is delocalized into the aromatic ring, making it less available.

Compound (II): The nitro group (-NO₂) is a strong electron-withdrawing group, further reducing the availability of the nitrogen lone pair, making it the least basic.

Compound (III): The nitrogen lone pair is not delocalized into an aromatic ring, making it the most basic.

Compound (IV): The nitrogen lone pair is delocalized into the carbonyl group (C=O), making it less basic than (III).

Step 2: Evaluate Statements

Based on the analysis:

(a) The most basic compound is (III). Correct.

(b) The most basic compound is (I). Incorrect.

(c) The least basic compound is (IV). Incorrect.

(d) The least basic compound is (II). Correct.

Answer:

The correct statements are (a) and (d)