The spatial substitution model replaces three pairs of adjacent donors a−b in fac- or mer-Ma₃b₃ by three identical unsymmetrical chelates AB, with A occupying a's site and B occupying b's site. Only site-preserving closures are allowed. The scheme displays the starting octahedral site labels.

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Site-preserving substitution cannot change the cis/trans relations between A donors. A facial set has all three pair angles 90°; a mer set has a trans A pair. Ring closure therefore preserves facial versus meridional A occupancy. Optical activity concerns the connectivity of complete chelates, not the unordered list of donor labels alone.

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