Chemistry - Complete Pblock- Question with Solution | TestHub

Elements of group 14 (carbon family) have a valence electron configuration of $n{s}^{2}n{p}^2$. They typically exhibit +4 oxidation states by losing all four valence electrons or sharing them. Due to the inert pair effect, heavier elements like Sn and Pb also exhibit a +2 oxidation state by losing only the two $p$ electrons. Thus, they form $M^{+2}$ and $M^{+4}$ ions.