Number of reactions giving either decarboxylation or dehydration or both on heating :

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(i) Decarboxylation: This is a gem-dicarboxylic acid ( $β$ -dicarboxylic acid analogue) which readily loses CO₂ upon heating.

(ii) Dehydration: This $γ$ -hydroxy acid undergoes intramolecular cyclization (dehydration) to form a stable 5-membered lactone ring.

(v) Dehydration: The two ortho $- C H_{2} COO H$ groups on the benzene ring undergo intermolecular dehydration to form a cyclic anhydride.

(vi) Decarboxylation: This $β, γ$ -unsaturated carboxylic acid easily eliminates CO₂ via a cyclic six-membered transition state.

Chemistry - Carboxylic acid and their Derivatives Question with Solution | TestHub