Chemistry - Carboxylic acid and their Derivatives Question with Solution | TestHub

Oxidation of $p$-nitrotoluene with acidic ${\text{KMnO}}_4$ oxidizes the methyl group to a carboxylic acid group, yielding $p$-nitrobenzoic acid. The $-{\text{NO}}_2$ group is an electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effects), which stabilizes the conjugate base (carboxylate ion). Hence, $p$-nitrobenzoic acid is a stronger acid than benzoic acid. Statement-I is correct.

Reduction of $p$-nitrotoluene with $\text{Sn}/\text{HCl}$ reduces the nitro group to an amino group, yielding $p$-toluidine ($p$-methylaniline). The $-{\text{CH}}_3$ group is an electron-donating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation effects), which increases the electron density on the nitrogen atom and stabilizes the conjugate acid. Hence, $p$-toluidine is more basic than aniline. Statement-II is correct.

Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct.

Answer: BothStatement-IandStatement-IIare correct.