Chemistry - Carbonyl compounds Question with Solution | TestHub

Cannizzaro reaction: Aldehydes which do not contain any  $\text{α}$ -hydrogen atom such as formaldehyde (HCHO) and benzaldehyde  $({\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_5\text{C}\text{H}\text{O})$  undergo self-oxidation and reduction reaction on treatment with concentrated alkali. A mtextxture of an alcohol and a salt of a carboxylic acid are formed. $\begin{array}{l}\text{H}\text{C}\text{H}\text{O}+\text{H}\text{C}\text{H}\text{O}\underset{}{\overset{\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}}{\to }}\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{}\text{O}\text{H}+\text{H}\text{}\text{C}\text{O}\text{O}\text{N}\text{a}\\ \text{M}\text{e}\text{t}\text{h}\text{a}\text{n}\text{a}\text{l}\text{M}\text{e}\text{t}\text{h}\text{a}\text{n}\text{o}\text{l}\text{S}\text{o}\text{d}.\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\end{array}$  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_5\text{}\text{C}\text{H}\text{O}\underset{}{\overset{\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}}{\to }}{\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_5\text{C}{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\text{H}+{\text{C}}_6{\text{H}}_5\text{C}\text{O}\text{O}\text{N}\text{a}\\ \text{B}\text{e}\text{n}\text{z}\text{a}\text{l}\text{d}\text{e}\text{h}\text{y}\text{d}\text{e}\text{B}\text{e}\text{n}\text{z}\text{y}\text{l}\text{a}\text{l}\text{c}\text{o}\text{h}\text{o}\text{l}\text{S}\text{o}\text{d}.\text{b}\text{e}\text{n}\text{z}\text{o}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\end{array}$ Acetylation: The replacement of active hydrogen of alcohols, phenols or amtextnes with an acyl group to form the corresponding esters or amtextdes is called acylation. $\begin{array}{l}\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}\text{O}\text{C}\text{l}+\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\text{H}\underset{}{\overset{\text{P}\text{y}\text{r}\text{i}\text{d}\text{i}\text{n}\text{e}}{\to }}\text{C}{\text{H}}_3\text{C}\text{O}\text{O}{\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_5+\text{H}\text{C}\text{l}\\ \text{A}\text{c}\text{e}\text{t}\text{y}\text{l}\text{E}\text{t}\text{h}\text{y}\text{l}\text{}\text{}\text{E}\text{t}\text{h}\text{y}\text{l}\text{a}\text{c}\text{e}\text{t}\text{a}\text{t}\text{e}\\ \text{c}\text{h}\text{l}\text{o}\text{r}\text{i}\text{d}\text{e}\text{a}\text{l}\text{c}\text{o}\text{h}\text{o}\text{l}\end{array}$ Decarboxylation: The process of removal of a molecule of  $\text{C}{\text{O}}_2$  from a carboxylic acid is called decarboxylation It is carried out by beating a carboxylic acid with soda-lime $(\text{N}\text{a}\text{O}\text{H}+\text{C}\text{a}\text{O})\text{a}\text{t}630\text{K}.$