Chemistry - Aromatic Hydrocarbon Question with Solution | TestHub

Question Explanation:

The question asks to identify ortho–para directing groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions .

Concept:

This question is based on the electron-releasing effects of substituents on an aromatic ring, mainly +M (mesomeric), +H (hyperconjugation), and +I (inductive) effects .

Solution:

All electron releasing groups (+M, +H, +I effect groups) are ortho para directing  Halogens are electron withdrawing groups but these are ortho - para directing due to their weaker +M effect 

Alkyl groups are ortho - para directing groups

Following groups are ortho - para directing groups