The total number of ATP formed in the aerobic respiration from one glucose molecule is

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The energetics of aerobic respiration is as follows: Energetics of Glycolysis Reaction Type Reaction Products of reaction In terms of ATP ATP Forming Reactions Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 x 1 , 3 B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 A D P → B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r o k i n a s e 2 x 3 - P h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 A T P 2 ATP 2 ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation 2 x P E P + 2 A D P → K + , M g 2 + P y r u v a t e K i n a s e 2 x P y r u v a t e + 2 A T P 2 ATP 2 ATP Dehydrogenation 2 x 3 P h o s p h o g l y c e r a l d e h y d e + 2 P i + 2 N A D + → D e h y d r o g e n a s e 2 x 1 , 3 B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 N A D H 2 2 NADH 2 6 ATP ATP Consuming Reactions Phosphorylation-I G l u cos e + A T P → M g 2 + H e x o k i n a s e G l u cos e 6 - P h o s p h a t e + A D P -1 ATP -1 ATP Phosphorylation-II F r u c t o s e 6 - P h o s p h a t e + A T P → M g 2 + P h o s p h o f r u c t o k i n a s e F r u c t o s e 1 , 6 - B i p h o s p h a t e -1 ATP -1 ATP Net Gain 8 ATP Energetics of Link reaction Reaction Type Reaction Products of reaction In terms of ATP Dehydrogenation P y r u v a t e + C o A + N A D + → M g + 2 , T P P , L i p o i c a c i d P y r u v a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e A c e t y l C o A + N A D H 2 + C O 2 2 x NADH 2 6 ATP Energetics of Kreb's cycle/TCA cycle Reaction Type Reaction Products of reaction In terms of ATP Dehydrogenation-I I s o c i t r a t e + N A D + → M n + 2 I s o c i t r a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e O x a l o s u c c i n a t e + N A D H 2 2 x NADH 2 6 ATP Oxidative decarboxylation α - K e t o g l u t a r a t e + C o A + N A D + → M g + 2 , T P P , L i p o i c a c i d α - K e t o g l u t a r a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e S u c c i n y l C o A + N A D H 2 + C O 2 2 x NADH 2 6 ATP Dehydrogenation III S u c c i n a t e + F A D → S u c c i n i c d e h y d r o g e n a s e F u m a r a t e + F A D H 2 2 x FADH 2 4 ATP Dehydrogenation IV M a l a t e + N A D + → M a l a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e O x a l o a c e t a t e + N A D H 2 2 x NADH 2 6 ATP Substrate-level Phosphorylation S u c c i n y l C o A + G D P + P i → S u c c i n y l C o A s y n t h e t a s e / S u c c i n y l t h i o k i n a s e S u c c i n a t e + G T P + C o A 2 x 1 GTP 2 ATP Net gain 24 ATP Net gain in aerobic respiration (Glycolysis + Link reaction + Kreb's cycle) 8 ATP + 6 ATP + 24 ATP 38 ATP

Energetics of Glycolysis
Reaction Type	Reaction	Products of reaction	In terms of ATP
ATP Forming Reactions
Substrate-level phosphorylation	$2 x 1, 3 B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 A D P \overset{B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r o k i n a s e}{\to} 2 x 3 - P h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 A T P$	2 ATP	2 ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation	$2 x P E P + 2 A D P \to_{K^{+}, M g^{2 +}}^{P y r u v a t e K i n a s e} 2 x P y r u v a t e + 2 A T P$	2 ATP	2 ATP
Dehydrogenation	$2 x 3 P h o s p h o g l y c e r a l d e h y d e + 2 P i + 2 N A D^{+} \overset{D e h y d r o g e n a s e}{\to} 2 x 1, 3 B i p h o s p h o g l y c e r a t e + 2 N A D H_{2}$	2 NADH₂	6 ATP
ATP Consuming Reactions
Phosphorylation-I	$G l u \cos e + A T P \to_{M g^{2 +}}^{H e x o k i n a s e} G l u \cos e 6 - P h o s p h a t e + A D P$	-1 ATP	-1 ATP
Phosphorylation-II	$F r u c t o s e 6 - P h o s p h a t e + A T P \to_{M g^{2 +}}^{P h o s p h o f r u c t o k i n a s e} F r u c t o s e 1, 6 - B i p h o s p h a t e$	-1 ATP	-1 ATP
	Net Gain		8 ATP

Energetics of Link reaction
Reaction Type	Reaction	Products of reaction	In terms of ATP
Dehydrogenation	$P y r u v a t e + C o A + N A D^{+} \to_{M g^{+ 2}, T P P, L i p o i c a c i d}^{P y r u v a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e} A c e t y l C o A + N A D H_{2} + C O_{2}$	2 x NADH₂	6 ATP

Energetics of Kreb's cycle/TCA cycle
Reaction Type	Reaction	Products of reaction	In terms of ATP
Dehydrogenation-I	$I s o c i t r a t e + N A D^{+} \to_{M n^{+ 2}}^{I s o c i t r a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e} O x a l o s u c c i n a t e + N A D H_{2}$	2 x NADH₂	6 ATP
Oxidative decarboxylation	$α - K e t o g l u t a r a t e + C o A + N A D^{+} \to_{M g^{+ 2}, T P P, L i p o i c a c i d}^{α - K e t o g l u t a r a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e} S u c c i n y l C o A + N A D H_{2} + C O_{2}$	2 x NADH₂	6 ATP
Dehydrogenation III	$S u c c i n a t e + F A D \overset{S u c c i n i c d e h y d r o g e n a s e}{\to} F u m a r a t e + F A D H_{2}$	2 x FADH₂	4 ATP
Dehydrogenation IV	$M a l a t e + N A D^{+} \overset{M a l a t e d e h y d r o g e n a s e}{\to} O x a l o a c e t a t e + N A D H_{2}$	2 x NADH₂	6 ATP
Substrate-level Phosphorylation	$S u c c i n y l C o A + G D P + P i \overset{S u c c i n y l C o A s y n t h e t a s e / S u c c i n y l t h i o k i n a s e}{\to} S u c c i n a t e + G T P + C o A$	2 x 1 GTP	2 ATP
	Net gain		24 ATP
	Net gain in aerobic respiration (Glycolysis + Link reaction + Kreb's cycle)	8 ATP + 6 ATP + 24 ATP	38 ATP

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