Biology - Chemical Coordination and Integration Question with Solution | TestHub

Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers. These second messengers in turn regulate cellular metabolism.

Common examples of secondary messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), inositol triphosphate (${\text{IP}}_3$), diacylglycerol (DAG), and calcium ions (${\text{Ca}}^{++}$).

ATP, DNA, and RNA are not secondary messengers. ACTH, TSH, and FSH are primary messengers (hormones). Adenylate cyclase, Phospholipase C, and Protein kinase A are enzymes involved in the signal transduction pathways, not the secondary messengers themselves.

Answer: cAMP, ${\text{Ca}}^{++}$, cGMP, ${\text{IP}}_3$